MySQL 官方仓库这个 key 过期问题存在，很多环境都会遇到；
需要从 Ubuntu Keyserver 获取更新后的签名信息，而不是重新下载同一个文件

sudo rm -f /usr/share/keyrings/mysql-apt-config.gpg
sudo rm -f /etc/apt/trusted.gpg.d/mysql.gpg

# 获取新的key
curl -fsSL "https://keyserver.ubuntu.com/pks/lookup?op=get&search=0xB7B3B788A8D3785C" \
-o /tmp/mysql-new.asc

# 生成key
sudo gpg --dearmor \
-o /usr/share/keyrings/mysql-apt-config.gpg \
/tmp/mysql-new.asc

#验证 key
gpg --show-keys /usr/share/keyrings/mysql-apt-config.gpg
sudo rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
sudo apt clean
sudo apt update
# 查看源
apt-cache policy mysql-server